Statute Index · 184 Sections

Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Sections Directory

Browse all statutory provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 below.

Showing 184 of 184 sections

SectionTitle

1Short title, extent and Commencement→2Repeal of enactments→3Interpretation clause→4Presumption and Proof→5Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts→6Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction→7Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue→8Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct→9Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts→10Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design→11When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant→12In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant→13Facts relevant when right or custom is in question→14Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling→15Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional→16Existence of course of business when relevant→17Admission defined→18Admission by party to proceeding or his agent by suitor in representative character→19Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit→20Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit→21Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf→22When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant→22AWhen oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant→23Admissions in civil cases, when relevant→24Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding→25Confession to police officer not to be proved→26Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him→27How much of information received from accused may be proved→28Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise relevant→29Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc→30Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence→31Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop→32Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant→33Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated→34Entries in books of account including those maintained in an electronic form when relevant→35Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty→36Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans→37Relevancy of statement as to fact to public nature, contained in certain Acts or notifications→38Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books→39What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers→40Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial→41Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction→42Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 41→43Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40 to 42, when relevant→44Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved→45Opinions of experts→46Facts bearing upon opinions of experts→47Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant→47AOpinion as to digital signature when relevant→48Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant→49Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant→50Opinion or relationship, when relevant→51Grounds of opinion, when relevant→52In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant→53In criminal cases, previous good character relevant→53AEvidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases→54Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply→55Character as affecting damages→56Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved→57Facts of which Court must take judicial notice→58Facts admitted need not be proved→59Proof of facts by oral evidence→60Oral evidence must be direct→61Proof of contents of documents→62Primary evidence→63Secondary evidence→64Proof of documents by primary evidence→65Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given→65ASpecial provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record→65BAdmissibility of electronic records→66Rules as to notice to produce→67Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced→67AProof as to digital signature→68Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested→69Proof where no attesting witness found→70Admission of execution by party to attested document→71Proof when attesting witness denies the execution→72Proof of document not required by law to be attested→73Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved→73AProof as to verification of digital signature→74Public documents→75Private documents→76Certified copies of public documents→77Proof of documents by production of certified copies→78Proof of other official documents→79Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies→80Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence→81Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents→81APresumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms→82Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature→83Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government→84Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions→85Presumption as to power-of-attorney→85APresumption as to electronic agreements→85BPresumption as to electronic records and digital signatures→85CPresumption as to Digital Signature Certificates→86Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records→87Presumption as to books, maps and charts→88Presumption as to telegraphic messages→88APresumption as to electronic messages→89Presumption as to due execution, etc. of documents not produced→90Presumption as to documents thirty years old→90APresumption as to electronic records five years old→91Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document→92Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement→93Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document→94Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts→95Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts→96Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons→97Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies→98Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc→99Who may give evidence of agreement varying term of document→100Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills→101Burden of proof→102On whom burden of proof lies→103Burden of proof as to particular fact→104Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible→105Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions→106Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge→107Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years→108Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years→109Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent→110Burden of proof as to ownership→111Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence→111APresumption as to certain offences→112Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy→113Proof of cession of territory→113APresumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman→113BPresumption as to dowry death→114Court may presume existence of certain facts→114APresumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape→115Estoppel→116Estoppel of tenant; and of licensee of person in possession→117Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee→118Who may testify→119Witness unable to communicate verbally→120Parties to civil suit, and their wives or husbands. Husband or wife of person under criminal trial→121Judges and Magistrates→122Communications during marriage→123Evidence as to affairs of State→124Official communications→125Information as to commission of offences→126Professional communications→127126 to apply to interpreters, etc→128Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence→129Confidential communications with legal advisers→130Production of title-deeds of witness not a party→131Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce→132Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate→133Accomplice→134Number of witnesses→135Order of production and examination of witnesses→136Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence→137Examination-in-chief→138Order of examinations→139Cross-examination of person called to produce a document→140Witnesses to character→141Leading questions→142When they must not be asked→143When they may be asked→144Evidence as to matters in writing→145Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing→146Questions lawful in cross-examination→147When witness to be compelled to answer→148Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer→149Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds→150Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds→151Indecent and scandalous questions→152Questions intended to insult or annoy→153Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity→154Question by party to his own witness→155Impeaching credit of witness→156Question tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible→157Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact→158What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33→159Refreshing memory→160Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159→161Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory→162Production of documents→163Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice→164Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice→165Judge's power to put questions or order production→166Power of jury or assessors to put questions→167No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence→

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