Statute Index · 476 Sections

Constitution of India

Sections Directory

Browse all statutory provisions of the Constitution of India below.

Showing 476 of 476 sections

SectionTitle

0Preamble→Article 12Definition of State→Article 14Right to Equality→Article 19Protection of Six Freedoms→Article 20Protection from Ex Post Facto Laws and Double Jeopardy→Article 21Right to Life and Personal Liberty→Article 21ARight to Education→Article 22Protection Against Arrest and Detention→Article 226Power of High Courts to Issue Writs→Article 51AFundamental Duties of Citizens→PreamblePreamble→1Name and territory of the Union→2Admission or establishment of new States→2ASikkim to be associated with the Union→3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States→4Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters→5Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution→6Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan→7Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan→8Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India→9Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens→10Continuance of the rights of citizenship→11Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law→12Definitions→13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights→14Equality before law→15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth→16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment→17Abolition of Untouchability→18Abolition of titles→19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc→20Protection in respect of conviction for offences→21Protection of life and personal liberty→21ARight to education→22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases→23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour→24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc→25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion→26Freedom to manage religious affairs→27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion→28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions→29Protection of interests of minorities→30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions→31Compulsory acquisition of property→31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc→31BValidation of certain Acts and Regulations→31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles→31DSaving of laws in respect of anti-national activities→32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part→32AConstitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32→33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc→34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area→35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part→36Definition→37Application of the principles contained in this Part→38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people→39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State→39AEqual justice and free legal aid→40Organisation of village panchayats→41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases→42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief→43Living wage, etc, for workers→43AParticipation of workers in management of industries→44Uniform civil code for the citizens→45Provision for free and compulsory education for children→46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections→47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health→48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry→48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life→49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance→50Separation of judiciary from executive→51Promotion of international peace and security→51AFundamental duties→52The President of India→53Executive power of the Union→54Election of President→55Manner of election of President→56Term of office of President→57Eligibility for re-election→58Qualifications for election as President→59Conditions of President's office→60Oath or affirmation by the President→61Procedure for impeachment of the President→62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy→63The Vice-President of India→64The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States→65The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President→66Election of Vice - President→67Term of office of Vice-President→68Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy→69Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President→70Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies→71Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President→72Power of President to grant pardons, etc, and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases→73Extent of executive power of the Union→74Council of Ministers to aid and advise President→75Other provisions as to Ministers→76Attorney-General for India→77Conduct of business of the Government of India→78Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc→79Constitution of Parliament→80Composition of the Council of States→81Composition of the House of the People→82Readjustment after each census→83Duration of Houses of Parliament→84Qualification for membership of Parliament→85Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution→86Right of President to address and send messages to Houses→87Special address by the President→88Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses→89The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States→90Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman→91Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman→92The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration→93The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People→94Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker→95Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker→96The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration→97Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker→98Secretariat of Parliament→99Oath or affirmation by members→100Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum→101Vacation of seats→102Disqualifications for membership→103Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members→104Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified→105Powers, privileges, etc, of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof→106Salaries and allowances of members→107Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills→108Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases→109Special procedure in respect of Money Bills→110Definition of “Money Bills”→111Assent to Bills→112Annual financial statement→113Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates→114Appropriation Bills→115Supplementary, additional or excess grants→116Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants→117Special provisions as to financial Bills→118Rules of procedure→119Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business→120Language to be used in Parliament→121Restriction on discussion in Parliament→122Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament→123Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament→124Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court→125Salaries, etc, of Judges→126Appointment of acting Chief Justice→127Appointment of ad hoc Judges→128Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court→129Supreme Court to be a court of record→130Seat of Supreme Court→131Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court→132Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases→133Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters→134Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters→134ACertificate for appeal to the Supreme Court→135Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court→136Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court→137Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court→138Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court→139Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs→139ATransfer of certain cases→140Ancillary powers of Supreme Court→141Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts→142Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc→143Power of President to consult Supreme Court→144Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court→145Rules of Court, etc→146Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court→147Interpretation→148Comptroller and Auditor-General of India→149Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General→150Form of accounts of the Union and of the States→151Audit reports→152Definition→153Governors of States→154Executive power of State→155Appointment of Governor→156Term of office of Governor→157Qualifications for appointment as Governor→158Conditions of Governor's office→159Oath or affirmation by the Governor→160Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies→161Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc, and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases→162Extent of executive power of State→163Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor→164Other provisions as to Ministers→165Advocate-General for the State→166Conduct of business of the Government of a State→167Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc→168Constitution of Legislatures in States→169Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States→170Composition of the Legislative Assemblies→171Composition of the Legislative Councils→172Duration of State Legislatures→173Qualification for membership of the State Legislature→174Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution→175Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses→176Special address by the Governor→177Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as respects the Houses→178The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly→179Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker→180Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker→181The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration→182The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council→183Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman→184Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman→185The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration→186Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman→187Secretariat of State Legislature→188Oath or affirmation by members→189Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum→190Vacation of seats→191Disqualifications for membership→192Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members→193Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified→194Powers, privileges, etc, of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof→195Salaries and allowances of members→196Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills→197Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills→198Special procedure in respect of Money Bills→199Definition of “Money Bills”→200Assent to Bills→201Bills reserved for consideration→202Annual financial statement→203Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates→204Appropriation Bills→205Supplementary, additional or excess grants→206Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants→207Special provisions as to financial Bills→208Rules of procedure→209Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business→210Language to be used in the Legislature→211Restriction on discussion in the Legislature→212Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature→213Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature→214High Courts for States→215High Courts to be courts of record→216Constitution of High Courts→217Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court→218Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts→219Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts→220Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge→221Salaries, etc, of Judges→222Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another→223Appointment of acting Chief Justice→224Appointment of additional and acting Judges→224AAppointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts→225Jurisdiction of existing High Courts→226Power of High Courts to issue certain writs→227Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court→228Transfer of certain cases to High Court→229Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts→230Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories→231Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States→233Appointment of district judges→233AValidation of appointments of, and judgments, etc, delivered by, certain district judges→234Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service→235Control over subordinate courts→236Interpretation→237Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates→238Application of provisions of Part VI to States in Part B of the First Schedule→239Administration of Union territories→239 A ASpecial provisions with respect to Delhi→239ACreation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories→239ABProvision in case of failure of constitutional machinery→239BPower of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature→240Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories→241High Courts for Union territories→243Definitions→243AGram Sabha→243BConstitution of Panchayats→243CComposition of Panchayats→243DReservation of seats→243EDuration of Panchayats, etc→243FDisqualifications for membership→243GPowers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats→243HPowers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats→243IConstitution of Finance Commission to review financial position→243JAudit of accounts of Panchayats→243KElections to the Panchayats→243LApplication to Union territories→243MPart not to apply to certain areas→243NContinuance of existing laws and Panchayats→243OBar to interference by courts in electoral matters→243PDefinitions→243QConstitution of Municipalities→243RComposition of Municipalities→243SConstitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc→243TReservation of seats→243UDuration of Municipalities, etc→243VDisqualifications for membership→243WPowers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc→243XPower to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities→243YFinance Commission→243ZAudit of accounts of Municipalities→243ZAElections to the Municipalities→243ZBApplication to Union territories→243ZCPart not to apply to certain areas→243ZDCommittee for district planning→243ZECommittee for Metropolitan planning→243ZFContinuance of existing laws and Municipalities→243ZGBar to interference by courts in electoral matters→243ZHDefinitions→243ZIIncorporation of co-operative societies→243ZJNumber and term of members of board and its office bearers→243ZKElection of members of board→243ZLSupersession and suspension of board and interim management→243ZMAudit of accounts of co-operative societies→243ZNConvening of general body meetings→243ZORight of a member to get information→243ZPReturns→243ZQOffences and Penalties→243ZRApplication to multi-State co-operative societies→243ZSApplication to Union territories→243ZTContinuance of existing laws→244Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas→244AFormation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor→245Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States→246Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States→246ASpecial provision with respect to goods and services tax→247Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts→248Residuary powers of legislation→249Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest→250Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation→251Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States→252Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by→253Legislation for giving effect to international agreements→254Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States→255Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only→256Obligation of States and the Union→257Control of the Union over States in certain cases→258Power of the Union to confer powers, etc, on States in certain cases→258APower of the States to entrust functions to the Union→260Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India→261Public acts, records and judicial proceedings→262Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of interState rivers or river valleys→263Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council→264Interpretation→265Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law→266Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States→267Contingency Fund→268Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States→268AService tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States→269Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States→269ALevy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce→270Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States→271Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union→273Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products→274Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested→275Grants from the Union to certain States→276Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments→277Savings→279Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc→280Finance Commission→281Recommendations of the Finance Commission→282Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues→283Custody, etc, of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts→284Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts→285Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation→286Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods→287Exemption from taxes on electricity→288Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases→289Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation→290Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions→290AAnnual payment to certain Devaswom Funds→292Borrowing by the Government of India→293Borrowing by States→294Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases→295Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases→296Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia→297Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union→298Power to carry on trade, etc→299Contracts→300Suits and proceedings→300APersons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law→301Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse→302Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse→303Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce→304Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States→305Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies→307Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304→308Interpretation→309Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State→310Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State→311Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State→312All-India services→312APower of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services→313Transitional provisions→315Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States→316Appointment and term of office of members→317Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission→318Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission→319Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members→321Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions→322Expenses of Public Service Commissions→323Reports of Public Service Commissions→323AAdministrative tribunals→323BTribunals for other matters→324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission→325No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex→326Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage→327Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures→328Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature→329Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters→330Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People→331Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People→332Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States→333Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States→334Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period→335Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts→336Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services→337Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community→338National Commission for Scheduled Castes→338ANational Commission for Scheduled Tribes→339Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes→340Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes→341Scheduled Castes→342Scheduled Tribes→343Official language of the Union→344Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language→345Official language or languages of a State→346Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union→347Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State→348Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc→349Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language→350Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances→350AFacilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage→350BSpecial Officer for linguistic minorities→351Directive for development of the Hindi language→352Proclamation of Emergency→353Effect of Proclamation of Emergency→354Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation→355Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance→356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States→357Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356→358Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies→359Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies→360Provisions as to financial emergency→361Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs→361AProtection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures→361BDisqualification for appointment on remunerative political post→363Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc→363ARecognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished→364Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes→365Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union→366Definitions→367Interpretation→368Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor→369Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List→370Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir→371Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat→371ASpecial provision with respect to the State of Nagaland→371BSpecial provision with respect to the State of Assam→371CSpecial provision with respect to the State of Manipur→371DSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh→371EEstablishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh→371FSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim→371GSpecial provision with respect to the State of Mizoram→371HSpecial provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh→371ISpecial provision with respect to the State of Goa→372Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation→372APower of the President to adapt laws→373Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases→374Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council→375Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution→376Provisions as to Judges of High Courts→377Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India→378Provisions as to Public Service Commissions→378ASpecial provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly→392Power of the President to remove difficulties→393Short title→394Commencement→394AAuthoritative text in the Hindi language→395Repeals→

Ask about Constitution

Have a question about the provisions or transitions of Constitution of India? Chat with Nyaya AI.